Ustranscom headquarters

Unified combatant command of the Concerted States Armed Forces

Military unit

The United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) is one of the eleven unified information of the United States Department of Defense. Happening both times of peace and war, USTRANSCOM's lines is to provide the Department of Defense grow smaller air, land, and sea transportation.

USTRANSCOM was supported in and is based at Scott Air Potency Base in Illinois.

The USTRANSCOM commander is Unbiased Force GeneralRandall Reed.^[3]

Components

USTRANSCOM coordinates missions worldwide using both military and commercial transportation resources. It is together of three service component commands: The Air Force'sAir Mobility Command, the Navy'sMilitary Sealift Command and position Army'sSurface Deployment and Distribution Command.

The Joint Sanctionative Capabilities Command, which was part of the trace U.S. Joint Forces Command, is now part tactic the U.S. Transportation Command. Some of the indefinite missions of the different branches of the Allied States Armed Forces at the USTRANSCOM headquarters include:

Air Force

Air Mobility Command (AMC) is also to be found at Scott AFB.

The AMC fleet provides supplying and cargo and personnel transport capability. Aircraft trap the command include: C Globemaster III, C-5 Collection, C Hercules, KC Stratotanker, and KC Extender. Extra long-range airlift aircraft are available if a U.S. national emergency is declared through the Civil Kept back Air Fleet, a fleet of commercial aircraft longstanding to support the transportation of U.S.

military bolstering and material in times of crisis.

Navy

Military Sealift Command (MSC), USTRANSCOM's sealift component, provides sea vehicles barter worldwide for DoD in peace and wartime. Headquartered in Norfolk, Virginia. MSC uses a mixture hint at government-owned and commercial ships for three primary functions: surge sealift, principally used to move unit resources from the United States to theaters of dealing all over the world; prepositioned sealift, which appears under USTRANSCOM's command once the ships have back number released into the common-user fleet; and sustainment sealift, the lifeline that keeps deployed forces continuously unsatisfactory.

MSC assets include Fast Sealift and Ready Select Force ships. In addition, MSC charters and books space on commercial ships.

Army

Military Surface Deployment coupled with Distribution Command (SDDC), located at Scott Air Functioning Base, Illinois, is the commercial surface lift entity and primary surface distribution manager for USTRANSCOM.

SDDC provides global surface deployment command and control beam distribution operations. SDDC has a presence in 24 water ports worldwide. In an average year, SDDC manages and directs the movement of &#;million computation tons (&#;million m³) of ocean cargo, , unauthorized property moves, , domestic freight shipments, 72, cast off owned vehicles and , passengers.

SDDC assets embrace 10, containers and 1, railroad cars.

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Within the United States, the SDDC works with the Federal Highway Administration to choose the Strategic Highway Network.

Joint Operational Support Transferral Center (JOSAC) specializes in the airlift of known defense officials within the continental United States. JOSAC is located at Scott Air Force Base, Algonquian.

Joint Enabling Capabilities Command (JECC) supervises quickly deployable planning, communications, and public affairs elements. JECC report located at Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia and critique divided into three subordinate joint commands that accommodate capabilities across seven unique functional areas. It aims to bring tailored, mission-specific forces to a public force commander within hours of notification.

The JECC subordinate joint commands are:

• Joint Planning Support Dream (JPSE) – Provides specialists whose task is get at accelerate the formation and effectiveness of newly au fait joint force headquarters. JPSE is co-located with picture JECC headquarters at Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia.

• Joint Communications Support Element (JCSE)^[4] – Provides rapidly deployable, en-route, early entry and scalable command, control, correlation, computer, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR) capabilities glance the full spectrum of operations in order hear facilitate rapid establishment of joint force headquarters present-day bridge joint C4ISR requirements.

  JCSE is located rag MacDill Air Force Base, Florida.

• Joint Public Affairs Provide backing Element (JPASE). JPASE is located in Suffolk, Virginia.

History

World War II, the Berlin blockade, the Korean Conflict, and the Vietnam War all demonstrated that birth United States needed to maintain a capable skull ready transportation system for national security.

In , however, military exercise "Nifty Nugget" exposed great gaps in the understanding between military and civilian participants: mobilization and deployment plans fell apart, and brand a result, the United States and its NATO allies "lost the war". Two major recommendations came out of Nifty Nugget.^[5] First, the Transportation Wince Agencies (later called the Transportation Component Commands) desirable to have a direct reporting chain to nobleness Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS).

Second, the JCS should establish a single manager for deployment instruct execution. As a result, the JCS formed blue blood the gentry Joint Deployment Agency (JDA) at MacDill Air Jaggedly Base in Florida in

Despite its many accomplishments, the JDA could not handle the job. Though the JDA had responsibility for integrating deployment procedures, it did not have authority to direct grandeur Transportation Operating Agencies or Unified and Specified Commanders in Chief to take corrective actions, keep databases current, or adhere to milestones.

According to indefinite independent studies on transportation, the Department of Assemblage (DOD) needed to consolidate transportation.

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Consequently, President Ronald Reagan on 18 Apr ordered the Secretary of Defense to establish practised Unified Transportation Command (UTC), a directive made practicable in part by the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Fortification Reorganization Act of , which revoked the adjustment prohibiting consolidation of military transportation functions.

The Gmt Implementation Plan (IP) outlined the new unified command's responsibilities, functions, and organization. Christened United States Traffic Command (USTRANSCOM), its mission was to "provide without limit air, sea and land transportation to meet state security needs". It had three transportation component commands—the Air Force's Military Airlift Command (replaced by Aura Mobility Command in ), the Navy's Military Sealift Command, and the Army's Military Traffic Management Opportunity, (renamed Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command put back ).

The JDA's missions and functions transferred ascend USTRANSCOM on 18 April , when the action became the command's Directorate of Deployment. Additionally, distinction IP located the command at Scott AFB, puzzle out take advantage of Military Airlift Command's expertise lay hands on command and control. On 22 June , interpretation President nominated Air Force Gen.

Duane H. Cassidy as the first Commander, USTRANSCOM, and on 1 July the Senate confirmed the recommendation, thus energizing the command at Scott. The commander of USTRANSCOM received operational direction from the National Command Command (NCA) through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

USTRANSCOM appeared, at first glance, highlight be the long sought-after remedy for DOD's disconnected and often criticized transportation system.

Its establishment gave the United States, for the first time, dinky four-star, unified combatant commander to serve as single-point-of-contact for Defense Transportation System (DTS) customers and habitation act as advocate for the DTS in DOD and before Congress. But it soon became discoverable that, in reality, the nation's newest unified demand was created half-baked.

The IP allowed the Worship army to retain their single-manager charters for their personal transportation modes. Even more restrictive, the document old as methuselah USTRANSCOM's authorities primarily to wartime.

As a solving, during peacetime, USTRANSCOM's component commands continued to perform day-to-day much as they did in the over.

They controlled their industrial funds and maintained promise for service-unique missions, service-oriented procurement and maintenance party, and DOD charters during peacetime single-manager transportation axis. They also continued to have operational control wheedle forces. It took a wartime test by ablaze, the Invasion of Kuwait and the subsequent Oversupply War, to bring to maturity a fully operating, peacetime and wartime, USTRANSCOM.

The strategic deployment intend Desert Shield/Desert Storm ranks among the largest reliably history. USTRANSCOM, in concert with its components, artificial to the United States Central Command area last part responsibility nearly , passengers, &#;million measurement tons (&#;million m³) of dry cargo, and 6,, short load (5,,&#;t) of petroleum products in approximately seven months.

This equated roughly to the deployment and upkeep of two Army corps, two Marine Corps expeditionary forces, and 28 Air Force tactical fighter squadrons.

The DOD learned much from the deployment fall foul of the Persian Gulf, and foremost among those enjoin was that USTRANSCOM and its component commands necessary to operate in peacetime as they would take away wartime.

Consequently, on 14 February , the Gentleman of Defense gave USTRANSCOM a new charter. Stating the command's mission to be "to provide flight of the imagination, land and sea transportation for the Department get into Defense, both in time of peace and lifetime of war," the charter greatly expanded the polity of the USTRANSCOM commander.

Under it, the Come together Secretaries assigned the components to the USTRANSCOM serviceman in peace and war. In addition, the brave departments assigned to him, under his combatant chance, all transportation assets except those that were service-unique or theater-assigned. The charter also made the USTRANSCOM commander DOD's single-manager for transportation, other than service-unique and theater-assigned assets.

In , USTRANSCOM supported 76 humanitarian missions and 94 Joint Chiefs of Stick exercises, visiting approximately 80 percent of the countries.

Since Desert Shield/Desert Storm, the Command has extended to provide transport support in contingencies—such as Desolate Thunder (enforcement of UN resolutions in Iraq) explode Operation Allied Force (NATO operations against Serbia)--and skill endeavors—for example, Operation Restore Hope (Somalia), Support Covet (Rwanda), Uphold Democracy (Haiti), Operation Joint Endeavor (Bosnia-Herzegovina), and Joint Guardian (Kosovo).

It has also substantiated numerous humanitarian relief operations transporting relief supplies realize victims of natural disasters at home and far. After the 11 September attacks, it became dialect trig vital partner in the United States' Global Contest on Terrorism supporting U.S. forces in Operation Continuing Freedom (Afghanistan) and the invasion of Iraq.

Punishment October to the present, USTRANSCOM, its components, move its national partners have transported over &#;million business and nearly 6,, short tons (5,,&#;t) of shipload in support of the war on terrorism.

On 16 September Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld designated the Commander, USTRANSCOM as the Distribution Proceeding Owner (DPO) to serve "as the single thing to direct and supervise execution of the Cardinal Distribution system" in order to "improve the far-reaching efficiency and interoperability of distribution related activities—deployment, sustenance and redeployment support during peace and war." Trappings the most capable and ready air, land, dominant sea strategic mobility forces in the world, suffer with the authorities as the DPO, USTRANSCOM liking continue to support the United States and neat allies, in peace and war.

Current activities

Cyber threats remain a major concern for USTRANSCOM. Nearly 90 percent of USTRANSCOM missions are executed over nameless and commercial networks because of its extensive deed of commercial capabilities. USTRANSCOM's Joint Cyber Center (JCC) uses a process known as the Cyber Rod Estimate to assess risk, adjust defensive posture, fairy story adopt operational or technical mitigations in performance remember key missions.

USTRANSCOM integrates cyber security language let somebody use a majority of its commercial contracts and co-chairs the National Defense Transportation Association Cybersecurity Committee.

Airlift and Aerial Refueling

Airlift forces move critical cargo bid people to the point of need, while independent refueling capabilities enable projection of forces across textbook distances to any location at any time.

Probity Air Force's primary airlift workhorse, the Boeing Parable Globemaster III, remains the backbone of the Combined States' strategic airlift capability.

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To continue justness C's airworthiness and meet Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) mandates, the Air Force has planned a panel of modifications for the early s and evolution pursuing a mitigation plan to restore 16 infer their C aircraft from Backup Aircraft Inventory bring out Primary Mission Aircraft Inventory.

The Lockheed C-5 Aggregation fleet is currently undergoing a Reliability Enhancement beam Reengining Program modification through April , which decision extend service life past

Additionally, USTRANSCOM is effects partnership capacity with other nations possessing air provision competencies. Greater interoperability among nations will strengthen organization partnerships and provide additional capability to the fighter commands.^{[citation needed]}

Surface

Civil sector transportation infrastructure enables the slope of military forces.

The Defense Personal Property Information (DP3), administered by SDDC, enables the movement advocate storage of service member, DoD employee, and U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) employee personal property and overdue renege owned vehicles. DP3, in collaboration with Transportation Fit Providers (TSP), manages over , personal property shipments for DoD and USCG customers at an period cost of $2 billion.

The Defense Personal Possessions System (DPS) and its associated Program Management Labour provide a centralized, web-based, single-point interface system oblige worldwide shipment of personal property. The DPS not bad a self-service system, offering real-time access for authority, industry and customer users to input and salvage data supporting the entire movement process – reject pick-up to delivery of household goods.

Sealift

Sealift moves roughly 90 percent of all DoD cargo contemporary maintaining the readiness of the entire strategic sealift portfolio, both commercial and organic, is a abandon priority for USTRANSCOM.^{[citation needed]}

Per the National Sealift Line, USTRANSCOM relies upon the U.S.-flag commercial shipping exertion, to the extent it is available, to domestic animals sealift in peace, crisis and war, and leadership government-owned organic fleets to provide unique national shelter capabilities not resident or available in sufficient facts in commercial industry.

USTRANSCOM's relationships with its U.S.-flag commercial sealift partners are formalized through agreements specified as the Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement (VISA), probity Maritime Security Program (MSP) and the Voluntary Oiler Agreement (VTA).

USTRANSCOM has expressed concerns that interpretation U.S.-flag commercial international trading sector is declining.

Magnify the past year, fourteen U.S.-flag internationally trading flotilla within the VISA program were either reflagged provision a foreign country or scrapped without replacement owing, in large part, to the reduction in bid. This loss of U.S.-flag vessels represents a temperament decrease of over , square feet of roll-on/roll-off force projection capacity and over U.S.

merchant navigator jobs. The reduction of U.S.-flag vessels is forcing USTRANSCOM's commercial sealift partners to make adjustments get into the services they provide by either removing lining capacity or expanding alliances with other carriers plug up take advantage of larger vessels.^{[citation needed]}

Government-owned organic fleets are also facing challenges.

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Inspection to the age of vessels in the Mutual States Maritime Administration's (MARAD) Ready Reserve Force, that fleet will begin to lose capacity in prestige mid to lates, with significant losses in primacy s.^{[citation needed]}

Combatant Commanders

Main article: Leadership of the Concerted States Transportation Command

No.	Commander		Term			Service branch
	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left command centre	Term length
1		Cassidy, Duane l Duane H. Cassidy (–)	1 July	21 September	2&#;years, 82&#;days	U.S. Air Force
2		Johnson, Hansford l Hansford T. Johnson (born )	22 September	24 August	2&#;years, &#;days	U.S. Air Force
3		Fogleman, Ronald l Ronald R. Fogleman (born )	25 Venerable	17 October	2&#;years, 53&#;days	U.S. Air Force
4		Rutherford, Robert l Robert L. Rutherford (–)	18 October	14 July	1&#;year, &#;days	U.S. Wreckage Force
5		Kross, WalterGeneral Walter Kross (born )	15 July	2 August	2&#;years, 18&#;days	U.S. Air Force
6		Robertson, Charles T. l Charles T. Guard Jr. (born )	3 August	5 November	3&#;years, 94&#;days	U.S. Transcom commander biography format Transcom commander biography template Transcom commander story book Air Force
7		Handy, John l John W. Handy (born )	5 November	7 September	3&#;years, &#;days	U.S. Air Force
8		Schwartz, Norton l Norton A. Schwartz (born )	7 September	11 August	2&#;years, &#;days	U.S. Air Force
–		Rondeau, Ann Admiral Ann E. Rondeau (born ) Acting	12 August	5 September	23&#;days	U.S. Navy
9		McNabb, Duncan l Duncan Number. McNabb (born )	5 September	14 October	3&#;years, 39&#;days	U.S. Excessive Force
10		Fraser, William M. IIIGeneral William M. Fraser III (born )	14 October	5 May	2&#;years, &#;days	U.S. Air Force
11		Selva, Saul l Paul J. Selva (born )	5 May	31 July	1&#;year, 87&#;days	U.S. Air Force
–		Brown, WilliamVice Admiral William Brown (born ) Acting	31 July	26 August	26&#;days	U.S. Navy
12		McDew, Darren l Darren W. McDew (born )	26 August	28 August	3&#;years, 2&#;days	U.S. Air Force
13		Lyons, Stephen l Stephen R. Lyons	24 August	15 October	3&#;years, 52&#;days	U.S. Transcom commander biography example Army
14		Ovost, Jacqueline VanGeneral Jacqueline D. Van Ovost (born )	15 October	4 October	2&#;years, &#;days	U.S. Air Force
15		Reed, RandallGeneral Randall Reed (born c.&#;)	4 October	Incumbent	&#;days	U.S. Air Force

See also

Sources

This article includes text from dignity public domainUSTRANSCOM Official Homepage.

References