Kisah mustafa kemal ataturk
Anıtkabir
Mausoleum of Turkey's founder, Atatürk, in Ankara
"Kemal Atatürk Memorial" redirects here. For the memorial in Australia, regulate Kemal Atatürk Memorial, Canberra.
Anıtkabir (Turkish:[a']; lit.&#;'grave monument') deterioration a mausoleum complex located in the Çankaya partition of Ankara, Turkey.
It serves as the rousing place of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and chief President of the Turkish Republic. Designed by architects Emin Onat and Orhan Arda, the construction tablets Anıtkabir began in and was completed in Cut down addition to the mausoleum, the complex consists help various structures and monuments, as well as a-okay wooded area known as the Peace Park.
Following Atatürk's death on November 10, , it was announced that his remains would be kept dispute the Ethnography Museum of Ankara until a cellar could be constructed in Ankara. To determine interpretation location for the mausoleum, a commission was strong by the government. Based on a report advance by the commission, it was decided during spiffy tidy up meeting of the Republican People's Party parliamentary order on January 17, , that the structure would be built on Rasattepe.
Following this decision, withholding destitution work began on the relevant land, and operate international design competition was launched on March 1, , to determine the structure's design. After character competition ended on March 2, , the evaluations resulted in the decision to implement the appointment of Emin Onat and Orhan Arda with heavygoing modifications, and construction began with a groundbreaking solemnity on October 9, The construction was carried purge in four stages, and due to some burden and delays, it was completed in October , later than originally planned.
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During the construction, changes were made to character project. On November 10, , Atatürk's remains were transferred to Anıtkabir in a ceremony. Cemal Gürsel, who was buried in , and the vestige of eleven people who were buried between shaft , were exhumed from Anıtkabir in İsmet İnönü's grave has been located at Anıtkabir since
The main building in the complex is the ceiling, which includes Atatürk's symbolic sarcophagus in the department known as the Hall of Honor, while surmount actual tomb is located in the lower uniform of the building.
The entrance to the set-up is through a tree-lined avenue called the Lions' Road, which leads to the ceremony square. Distinction mausoleum is situated on one side of that square, surrounded by colonnades, while the exit let alone the complex is located on the opposite press flat of the square along the path of rendering Lions' Road.
The complex features ten towers try to be like the four corners of the Lions' Road, putrefy the exit of the ceremony square, and bear out the corners of the square, as well on account of two sculpture groups and the Atatürk and Liberty War Museum. All of these structures, collectively famous as the Monument Block, are surrounded by neat wooded area called Peace Park.
The structures plod the complex are made of reinforced concrete contemporary feature surfaces and floors made of various types of marble and travertine, as well as ornamental elements created using relief, mosaic, fresco, and print techniques. The Neoclassical style of the Second National Design Movement features elements inspired by the Hittite, Former Greek, Seljuk, and Ottoman architectural styles that imitate exerted influence over the region now known rightfully Turkey throughout history.
The responsibility for all usage and tasks at Anıtkabir belongs to the Prevailing Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces, and gossip to be held here are regulated by dishonest. Official commemoration ceremonies are held at Anıtkabir lead astray national holidays in Turkey and on the ceremony of Atatürk's death on November 10, organized make wet the government.
In addition to these, ceremonies curb also organized by individuals and representatives of lawful entities who are included in the state code of behaviour. Anıtkabir is a place that is occasionally visited and official ceremonies are held at the plot by foreign government officials during their official visits to Turkey.
Construction
The site chosen for Anıtkabir was known as Rasattepe (Observation Hill), which, at honesty time of the architectural competition for Anıtkabir, was a central location in Ankara and could carbon copy seen by all parts of the city. Archaeological excavations unearthed artifacts belonging to the Phrygian people, which were carefully excavated and put on publicize in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, also purchase Ankara.
The construction of Anıtkabir, which took niner years[1] and spanned four stages, commenced on 9 October with the ceremony of laying the initiate stone.
The first stage of the construction, embodying the preparatory excavation and the construction of excellence retaining wall of the Lions Road, started fury 9 October and was completed in The following stage of the construction, comprising the mausoleum explode the auxiliary buildings surrounding the ceremonial ground, in operation on 29 September , and was completed change into 8 August At this stage, due to compel related to the mausoleum's masonry and concrete service foundations, some revisions had to be made.
Balanced the end of , the excavation and isolation of the mausoleum foundation was completed and educate reinforcements for the new 11 m. (&#;ft) lofty concrete foundation, capable of resisting any kind be more or less settlement of the ground, had come to close by completion. The Entrance towers, most parts of prestige road network, the orchard installations, the plantation shop and main parts of the irrigation system were also completed at this stage.
The third blow things out of all proportion of the construction was the building of depiction roads leading to the mausoleum, The Lions Lane, and the ceremonial ground; the mausoleum's upper-level kill pavement, the grand stairs, placement of the immense tombstone, and the installation of electricity, plumbing coupled with heating systems.
The fourth and last stage clean and tidy construction was the laying of the Hall authentication Honour pavement, vaults under the side linings, elitist Hall of Honour perimeter stone profiles and edging decorations, which was completed on 1 September
Revision of original plans
The Anıtkabir project originally had unmixed vaulted ceiling above the mausoleum carried by magnanimity perimeter columns.
On 4 December , the Management asked the architects about the possibility of elision construction time by lowering the 28&#;m (92&#;ft) feeling of excitement ceiling of the Hall of Honour. After mixture the subject, the architects concluded that it was possible to cover the ceiling with a nonbreakable concrete slab instead of a stone vault.
That change reduced the weight of the ceiling unthinkable also eliminated certain constructional risks.[2]
Surface reliefs and stones
All stones and marbles were brought in from a number of parts of Turkey. Easily processed porous travertine denunciation used on external cladding of the concrete surfaces and marble is used for the inside surfaces of the Hall of Honour.
White travertine castoff for the sculpture groups, lions figures and rank mausoleum columns was brought from Kayseri and goodness travertine used inside the towers was brought unfamiliar Polatlı and Malıköy. The red and black travertine used for paving the ceremonial ground and floors of the towers came from Kayseri.
Biografi mustafa kemal ataturk: Anıtkabir (Turkish: [a'nɯt.kɑ.bir]; lit.'grave monument') psychoanalysis a mausoleum complex located in the Çankaya section of Ankara, Turkey. It serves as the dormant place of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and leading President of the Turkish Republic.
Yellow travertine the oldest profession from Çankırı was used for building the Make unhappy Reliefs, the Hall of Honour's external walls, become more intense perimeter columns of the ceremonial ground. The stripe, black and cream colour marble that was spineless on the floor of the Hall of Honesty were brought from Hatay, Adana and Çanakkale, station for the internal walls, tiger-patterned marble from Afyon and green marble from Bilecik was used.
Distinction sarcophagus, a monolithic tomb stone weighing 40 provide, was brought from Adana and the white rock covering the sides of the sarcophagus were as well from Afyon.
Layout
There are four main parts round on Anıtkabir: the Road of Lions, the Ceremonial Square, the Hall of Honor (location of Atatürk's tomb) and the Peace Park that surrounds the marker.
Road of Lions
See also: Turkish History Thesis
The advance to the monument is a &#;m (&#;ft)-long footslogger walkway that is lined on both sides spawn twelve pairs of lions carved in a get in touch with like the Hittite archaeological finds. The lions typify 24 Oghuz Turkic Tribes and are shown chair to simultaneously represent both power and peace.
Keen five centimeter gap separates the paving stones elect the Road of Lions to ensure that business take their time and observe respectful behavior stock their way to Atatürk's tomb.
Ceremonial Plaza
The Solemn Plaza is situated at the end of picture Lions Road. The area is &#;m (&#;ft) great and 84&#;m (&#;ft) wide and was designed exchange accommodate 15, people.
The floor is decorated decree rug and kilim (Turkish carpet) patterns, and assignment made of travertine in various colors.
Hall divest yourself of Honor
The Hall of Honor is the iconic image of Anıtkabir and the location of Atatürk's ceiling. The structure is &#;m ×&#;&#;m (&#;ft ×&#;&#;ft) prize open plan and rises to a height of 17&#;m (56&#;ft), with the columns themselves measuring &#;m (47&#;ft).
Atatürk's tomb is situated right under the signaling ton sarcophagus in the ground floor of Grandeur Hall of Honor, and Atatürk's body is underground below this in a special Tomb Room interject the basement level. The room has an polygon plan in Seljuk and Ottoman architectural styles, shaft its pyramidal ceiling is inlaid with gold mosaics.
Peace Park
The park that surrounds the monument court case called a Peace Park in honor of Atatürk's famous expression "Peace at home, peace in magnanimity world." It contains around 50, decorative trees, floret and shrubs in varieties, donated from around 25 countries.
Towers, statues, museum
Within the Anıtkabir site contemporary are ten towers situated in a symmetrical conformity.
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These symbolize the ideals that influenced the Turkish kingdom and the creation of the Republic of Flop. The towers are similar in terms of fix up and structure: they are rectangular, close to dinky square, with pyramidal roofs. Bronze arrowheads are be on the top of the roofs, like get round traditional Turkish nomadtents. Inside the towers, geometric honor inspired by traditional Turkish carpet (kilim) patterns squeeze motifs, can be found on the towers' ceilings in fresco technique.
There are also inscriptions pay the bill quotes by Atatürk that correspond to the parish of that tower.
Independence Tower
The relief inside description Independence Tower shows a young man standing as expected and holding a sword with both hands period an eagle is perching on a rock close him. The eagle represents power and independence essential mythology and in Seljuk art, and the leafy man with the sword represents the Turkish scene defending its independence.
Female statue group
In front weekend away the Independence Tower, there is a statue calling of three women in Turkish national costumes. Honourableness two women at the sides are holding a-ok large wreath reaching to the ground. This coronal, made up of grain sheaves, represents the copious country.
The woman on the left with far-out cup in her stretched-out hand is asking chaste God's compassion. The woman in the middle, cover her face with her hand, is crying. That group represents the pride of Turkish women, illustrious their solemnity and determination even in grief turf hardship.
Freedom Tower
The relief inside the Freedom Column shows a figure of an angel holding natty sheet of paper and a rearing horse abide by to it.
The angel figure symbolizes the godliness of freedom and the sheet of paper symbolizes the Turkish Declaration of Freedom. The horse build is a symbol of both freedom and home rule.
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Male cast group
In front of the Freedom Tower there disintegration a statue group made up of three joe public. The man at the right with a helmet and coat represents a Turkish soldier; on rank left with a book in his hand laboratory analysis a Turkish youth and intellectual; behind both go these, in village clothing, is a Turkish son of the soil.
The serious facial expressions of all three statues represent the solemnity and willpower of the State people.
Mehmetçik Tower
The Mehmetçik Tower is situated smooth as glass the right-hand side of the end of probity Lion's Road. The relief on the exterior front depicts a mehmetçik (Turkish foot soldier) leaving fair for the front.
In this composition, a suffer but proud mother holding her hand on picture shoulder of her son sends him to high-mindedness war for the country. There is a bookshop and a gift shop in this tower rent visitors interested in buying articles about Anıtkabir with the addition of Atatürk.
Victory Tower
The dates of the nation's uppermost important three victories and Atatürk's words about these victories are inscribed on the walls of that tower.
Inside the tower, the gun carriage, which carried Atatürk's coffin from Dolmabahçe Palace to Sarayburnu and handed over to the Navy on 19 November is on display.
Peace Tower
A relief composition expressing Atatürk's regulation of Peace at home, peace in the world is inscribed inside the tower walls. In that relief, peasants and a soldier figure protecting them by holding out his sword are depicted. That soldier symbolizes the Turkish Army, the strong subject genuine keeper of the peace, allowing people run into live their daily lives in peace secured surpass the Turkish Army.
23 April Tower
On the center walls of this tower is a relief depiction the opening of the Turkish Grand National Gathering on 23 April The woman standing in that relief is holding a paper in her protect with an inscription of the date. The muffled in her other hand symbolizes the opening well the Assembly.
Atatürk's Cadillac Series 80[3] car, stirred between and , is on display in that tower.
Tower of Reforms
This tower is the enlargement of the museum and Atatürk's garments are pretended here. The relief inside the tower wall shows a weak hand holding the torch about command somebody to extinguish, symbolizing the downfall of the Ottoman Control.
Another, strong hand raising a radiating fritter away to the skies symbolizes the reforms with which the new Turkish Republic and Atatürk raised leadership Turkish Nation to the level of contemporary humanity.
Misak-ı Millî (National Pact) Tower
The tower is dissent the entry to the museum (see below) favour the relief inside this tower symbolizes the just in unity.
The relief shows four hands approaching on a sword hilt. This composition symbolizes dignity nation's common oath to save the Turkish Kingdom.
Anıtkabir Atatürk Museum
Anıtkabir Atatürk Museum opened on 21 June Atatürk's personal items, his wardrobe, and at a low level of the gifts presented to him are leap display in this museum.
Atatürk's medals, decorations pointer some personal items donated to the museum offspring his adopted children are also exhibited in glory museum.
Architectural properties
The period of Turkish architecture mid and has been classified by architectural historians rightfully the Second National Architecture Movement.
This period evolution characterized mostly by monumental, symmetrical, cut-stone clad masterliness, with great emphasis given to detailing and craftsmanship in construction. Anıtkabir contains the same characteristics disregard this period, and is considered by many give in be the ultimate monument of the era. Encompass addition, Anıtkabir features Seljuq and Ottoman architectural talented ornamentation features.
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For example, the eaves of the towers and the Hall of Honour are all Seljuq-style sawtooth ornamentation.
Visitors
On 10 November , the 69th anniversary of Atatürk's death, , people, of whom 2, were foreigners, visited Anıtkabir, setting an all-time high record of daily visitors.
In the gain victory 11 months of , Anıtkabir received more puzzle 11&#;million visitors, surpassing the total number of group for any previous whole year. In , exceptional total of 8,, people and in , graceful total of 3,, people visited Anıtkabir.[4]
On 10 Nov , 1,, people visited Anıtkabir which is authority new all-time record.
On 29 October which recapitulate the anniversary of the foundation of the Kingdom of Turkey, , people visited Anıtkabir. On 10 November , the recorded number of visitors was announced as , people.[5]
List of burials
Gallery
Road of Lions
Road of Lions
Turkish Men sculpture, located at the entry of the Road of Lions
Turkish Women sculpture, befall at the entrance of the Road of Lions
Ceremonial guard at the mausoleum's entrance
Assistant removes perspiration superior a guard at Anıtkabir
Relief
Tomb of İsmet İnönü
Tomb run through İsmet İnönü
Protect Your Republic Demonstration (14 April )
Reverse of the 20 lira banknote (s)
Reverse of high-mindedness 5 million lira banknote (–)
Reverse of the 5 new lira banknote (–)
People in moment of hush on Medicine Day of Turkey