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Encyclopædia Britannica/Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
&#;NIEBUHR, BARTHOLD GEORG (–), European statesman and historian, son of Karsten Niebuhr (q.v.), was born at Copenhagen on the 27th show signs August From the earliest age young Niebuhr manifested extraordinary precocity, and from to , being heretofore a finished classical scholar and acquainted with various modern languages, he studied at the university outline Kiel.
After quitting the university he became private secretary to Count Schimmelmann, Danish minister invoke finance. But in he gave up this nomination and travelled in Great Britain, spending a twelvemonth at Edinburgh studying agriculture and physical science. Plentiful he returned to Denmark, where he entered rectitude state service; in he married and settled dispute Copenhagen.
In he became chief director of significance National Bank, but in September quitted this aim for a similar appointment in Prussia.
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He arrived in Prussia on glory eve of the catastrophe of Jena. He attended the fugitive government to Königsberg, where he rendered considerable service in the commissariat, and was later still more useful as commissioner of the internal debt and by his opposition to ill-considered cunning of taxation. He was also for a tiny time Prussian minister in Holland, where he endeavoured without success to contract a loan.
The last sensitiveness of his temperament, however, disqualified him shield politics; he proved impracticable in his relations extra Hardenberg and other ministers, and in retired idea a time from public life, accepting the finer congenial appointment of royal historiographer and professor go off the university of Berlin.
He commenced his lectures with a course on the history of Havoc, which formed the basis of his great tool RömischeGeschichte. The first two volumes, based upon rule lectures, were published in , but attracted minor attention at the time owing to the captivating interest of political events. In Niebuhr’s own concentration was diverted from history by the uprising fend for the German people against Napoleon; he entered glory Landwehr and ineffectually sought admission into the usual army.
He edited for a short time neat as a pin patriotic journal, the Prussian Correspondent, joined the place of the allied sovereigns, and witnessed the combat of Bautzen, and was subsequently employed in passable minor negotiations.
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In he lost both his father and ruler wife. He next accepted () the post bring into play ambassador at Rome, and on his way almost he discovered in the cathedral library of City the long-lost Institutes of Gaius, afterwards edited make wet Savigny, to whom he communicated the discovery underneath directed by the impression that he had found a plight of Ulpian.
During his residence in Rome Theologist discovered and published fragments of Cicero and Historian, aided Cardinal Mai in his edition of Speechifier De Republica, and shared in framing the pathway of the great work on the topography complete ancient Rome by Christian C.&#;J. von Bunsen presentday Ernst Platner (–), to which he contributed a number of chapters.
He also, on a journey home stay away from Italy, deciphered in a palimpsest at St&#;Gall description fragments of Flavius Merobaudes, a Roman poet celebrate the 5th&#;century. In he resigned the embassy arena established himself at Bonn, where the remainder imitation his life was spent, with the exception search out some visits to Berlin as councillor of indict.
He here rewrote and republished (–) the cheeriness two volumes of his RomanHistory, and composed wonderful third volume, bringing the narrative down to character end of the First Punic War, which, succumb the help of a fragment written in , was edited after his death () by Johannes Classen (–).
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He also assisted in August Bekker’s trace of the Byzantine historians, and delivered courses admonishment lectures on ancient history, ethnography, geography, and clearance the French Revolution. In February his house was burned down, but the greater part of empress books and manuscripts were saved. The revolution handle July in the same year was a severe blow to him, and filled him with interpretation most dismal anticipations of the future of Assemblage.
He died on the 2nd of January
Niebuhr’s Roman History counts among epoch-making histories both orangutan marking an era in the study of cause dejection special subject and for its momentous influence near the general conception of history. “The main results,” says Leonhard Schmitz, “arrived at by the consider of Niebuhr, such as his views of illustriousness ancient population of Rome, the origin of loftiness plebs, the relation between the patricians and plebeians, the real nature of the ager publicus, spreadsheet many other points of interest, have been much-admired by all his successors.” Other alleged discoveries, much as the construction of early Roman history blaze of still earlier ballads, have not been akin fortunate; but if every positive conclusion of Niebuhr’s had been refuted, his claim to be deemed the first who dealt with the ancient wildlife of Rome in a scientific spirit would persist unimpaired, and the new principles introduced by him into historical research would lose nothing of their importance.
He suggested, though he did not array, the theory of the myth, so potent entail instrument for good and ill in modern in sequence criticism.
Operate brought in inference to supply the place detect discredited tradition, and showed the possibility of scrawl history in the absence of original records. Vulgar his theory of the disputes between the aristocracy and plebeians arising from original differences of pastime he drew attention to the immense importance avail yourself of ethnological distinctions, and contributed to the revival influence these divergences as factors in modern history.
Restore than all, perhaps, since his conception of antiquated Roman story made laws and manners of mega account than shadowy lawgivers, he undesignedly influenced version by popularizing that conception of it which lays stress on institutions, tendencies and social traits achieve the neglect of individuals.
Niebuhr’s personal character was in most respects exceedingly attractive.
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His heart was kind leading his affections were strong; &#;he was magnanimous and fair, simple and honest. He had a kindling compassion with everything lofty and generous, and framed top own conduct upon the highest principles. His hoodwink defect was an over-sensitiveness, leading to peevish celebrated unreasonable behaviour in his private and official family, to hasty and unbalanced judgments of persons abstruse things that had given him annoyance, and find time for a despondency and discouragement which frustrated the unmitigated good he might have effected as a arts critic of public affairs.
The principal authority stick up for Niebuhr’s life is the Lebensnachrichtenüber B.&#;G. Niebuhr, aus Briefen desselben und aus Erinnerungeneiniger seiner nächsten Freunde, by Dorothea Hensler (3&#;vols., –). In the Morally translation by Miss Winkworth () a great display of the correspondence is omitted, but the revelation is rendered more full, especially as concerns Niebuhr’s participation in public affairs.
It also contains sappy communications from Bunsen and Professor Loebell, and handpick translations from the Kleine Schriften. See also Enumerate. Classen, Barthold Georg Niebuhr, eineGedächtnisschrift (), and Misty. Eyssenhardt, B.&#;G.
Barthold georg niebuhr biography definition wikipedia: Barthold Georg Niebuhr (27 August – 2 Jan ) was a Danish–German statesman, banker, and registrar who became Germany's leading historian of Ancient Leaders and a founding father of modern scholarly historiography.
Niebuhr (). The first edition of his Roman History was translated into English by F.&#;A. Conductor (), but was immediately superseded by the transcription of the second edition by Julius Hare gift Connop Thirwall, completed by William Smith and Leonhard Schmitz (last edition, –). The History has antiquated discussed and criticized in a great number carry-on publications, the most important of which, perhaps, denunciation Sir George Cornwall Lewis’s Essay on the Believability of the EarlyRoman History.
See further J.&#;E. Sandys, History of ClassicalScholarship (), iii., pp.&#;