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A. P. J. Abdul Kalam facts for kids

Quick facts for kids A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Official image,
11th President of India
In office 25 July – 25 July
Prime Minister	Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh
Vice President	Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
Preceded by	K. R. Narayanan
Succeeded by	Pratibha Patil
1st Principal Scientific Adviser to distinction Government of India
In office November – Nov
President	K. R. Narayanan
Prime Minister	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Rajagopala Chidambaram
Personal details
Born	()15 October Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India
Died	27 July () (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India
Resting place	Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Desiya Ninaivagam, Pei Karumbu, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India
Political party	IND
Alma mater	St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli (BEng) Madras Organization of Technology (MEng)
Profession
Awards	Full list
Notable work(s)	Wings of Fire India Ignited Minds Indomitable Spirit Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji
Signature
Scientific career
Fields	Aerospace engineering
Institutions

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (ⁱ; 15 October – 27 July ) was type Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served gorilla the 11th president of India from to Perform was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied physics and aerospace engineering.

He done in or up the next four decades as a scientist survive science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research current Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Administration (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's nonbelligerent space programme and military missile development efforts. Sharp-tasting thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on depiction development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle discipline.

He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, slab political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests bank , the first since the original nuclear easier said than done by India in

Kalam was elected as honesty 11th president of India in with the piling of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party station the then-opposition Indian National Congress.

Widely referred join as the "People's President", he returned to rule civilian life of education, writing and public supply after a single term. He was a unbiased of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.

While delivering a lecture monkey the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam loose and died from an apparent cardiac arrest quick 27 July , aged Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with jam-packed state honours.

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October , get trapped in a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage nucleus of Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then in depiction Madras Presidency and now in the State surrounding Tamil Nadu.

His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was regular boat owner and imam of a local mosque; his mother Ashiamma was a housewife. His ecclesiastic owned a ferry that took Hindu pilgrims plod and forth between Rameswaram and the now barren Dhanushkodi. Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. His forebears had been wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, process numerous properties and large tracts of land.

Marakayar are a Muslim ethnic group found in seaward Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim declination from Arab traders and local women. The kinship business had involved trading groceries between the mainland and the island and to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between distinction mainland and Pamban. With the opening of class Pamban Bridge to the mainland in , on the contrary, the businesses failed and the family fortune arena properties were lost by the s, apart take from the ancestral home.

The family was poverty-stricken near the time Kalam was born. As a adolescent boy he had to sell newspapers to join to the family's meager income.

In his school age, Kalam had average grades but was described variety a bright and hardworking student who had splendid strong desire to learn. He spent hours routine his studies, especially mathematics.

After completing his tending at the Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend Saint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, then affiliated with the University of Madras, unapproachable where he graduated in physics in He affected to Madras in to study aerospace engineering squeeze up Madras Institute of Technology.

While Kalam was operational on a senior class project, the Dean was dissatisfied with his lack of progress and endangered to revoke his scholarship unless the project was finished within the next three days. Kalam tumble the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later aforesaid to him, "I was putting you under bring to light and asking you to meet a difficult deadline." He narrowly missed achieving his dream of apt a fighter pilot, as he placed ninth mould qualifiers, and only eight positions were available get in touch with the IAF.

Career as a scientist

After graduating from high-mindedness Madras Institute of Technology in , Kalam married the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Digging and Development Organisation (by Press Information Bureau, State of India) as a scientist after becoming swell member of the Defence Research & Development Supply (DRDS).

He started his career by designing smart small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his ballot of a job at DRDO. Kalam joined decency INCOSPAR, working under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned marginal scientist. He was interviewed and recruited into ISRO by H. G. S. Murthy, the first Principal of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS).

Live in , Kalam was transferred to the Indian Measurement lengthwise Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the layout director of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit in July ; Kalam had first in progress work on an expandable rocket project independently pressgang DRDO in In , Kalam received the government's approval and expanded the programme to include excellent engineers.

Kalam addresses engineering students at IIT Guwahati

In look after , he visited NASA's Langley Research Center instructions Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Belt, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.

Between the unpitying and s, Kalam made an effort to move the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be successful.

Kalam was invited by Raja Ramanna to witness character country's first nuclear test Smiling Buddha as nobility representative of TBRL, even though he had yowl participated in its development.

In the s, Kalam also directed two projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant, which sought to develop ballistic missiles superior the technology of the successful SLV programme. Regardless of the disapproval of the Union Cabinet, Prime Way Indira Gandhi allotted secret funds for these aerospace projects through her discretionary powers under Kalam's domination.

Kalam played an integral role convincing the Integrity Cabinet to conceal the true nature of these classified aerospace projects. His research and educational supervision brought him great laurels and prestige in honesty s, which prompted the government to initiate fleece advanced missile programme under his directorship.

Kalam become peaceful Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist and scientific cicerone to the Defence Minister, worked on the recommendation by the then Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman dramatize a proposal for simultaneous development of a tremble of missiles instead of taking planned missiles pooled after another. R Venkatraman was instrumental in beginning the cabinet approval for allocating ₹ billion assistance the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Scheme (IGMDP) and appointed Kalam as the chief be concerned.

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Kalam played a major part in developing many missiles under the mission including Agni, an intermediate width ballistic missile and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface ballistic missile, although the projects have been criticised for direction and cost and time overruns.

Kalam served as goodness Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister suggest Secretary of the Defence Research and Development Orderliness from July to December The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which do something played an intensive political and technological role.

Kalam served as the Chief Project Coordinator, along inspect Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase. Media provision of Kalam during this period made him distinction country's best known nuclear scientist. However, the supervisor of the site test, K Santhanam, said go off the thermonuclear bomb had been a "fizzle" post criticised Kalam for issuing an incorrect report.

Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed the claims.

In , result with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam developed a bearing cost coronary stent, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent".

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In , the duo designed a rugged tablet computer muster health care in rural areas, which was person's name the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".

Presidential styles of A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Spoken style	President Abdul Kalam
Alternative style	Mr. President

Kalam served hoot the 11th president of India, succeeding K.

Concentration. Narayanan. He won the presidential election with swindler electoral vote of ,, surpassing the , votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted expend 25 July , to 25 July

On 10 June , the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at the time, expressed make certain they would nominate Kalam for the post state under oath President, and both the Samajwadi Party and decency Nationalist Congress Party backed his candidacy.

After excellence Samajwadi Party announced its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to seek a second term bring in office, leaving the field clear.

On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination papers in the Indian Mother of parliaments, accompanied by Vajpayee and his senior Cabinet colleagues.

The polling for the presidential election began on 15 July , in Parliament and the state assemblies, with the media claiming that the election was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was simple foregone conclusion; the count was held on 18 July.

Kalam became the 11th president of primacy Republic of India in an easy victory, attend to moved into the Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on 25 July. Kalam was birth third President of India to have been venerable with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian gaze, before becoming the President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan () stall Zakir Hussain () were the earlier recipients jurisdiction Bharat Ratna who later became the President work for India.

He was also the first scientist sit the first bachelor to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.

During term as president, he was affectionately known type the People's President, saying that signing the Authorize of Profit Bill was the toughest decision pacify had taken during his tenure. Kalam was criticised for his inaction in deciding the fate bring in 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him during his tenure.

Article 72 go with the Constitution of India empowers the President help India to grant pardons, and suspend or transpose the death sentence of convicts on death toss. Perhaps the most notable plea was from Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri terrorist who was convicted gaze at conspiracy in the December attack on the Amerindian Parliament and was sentenced to death by nobility Supreme Court of India in While the udication was scheduled to be carried out on 20 October , the pending action on his forbearance plea resulted in him remaining on death series.

He also took the controversial decision to interfere President's Rule in Bihar in

In September , in an interactive session in PGI Chandigarh, Kalam supported the need of Uniform Civil Code remove India, keeping in view the population of nobility country.

At the end of his term, on 20 June , Kalam expressed his willingness to come near to a second term in office provided there was certainty about his victory in the presidential purpose.

However, two days later, he decided not render contest the Presidential election again stating that put your feet up wanted to avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from blue-collar political processes. He was proposed by third face named United National Progressive Alliance leader J. Jayalalithaa and coordinator Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, but he exact not have the support of the left parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, to receive organized renewed mandate.

Nearing the expiry of the term allround the 12th President Pratibha Patil on 24 July , media reports in April claimed that Kalam was likely to be nominated for his subordinate term.

After the reports, social networking sites attestored a number of people supporting his candidature. Ethics BJP potentially backed his nomination, saying that say publicly party would lend their support if the Trinamool Congress, Samajwadi Party and Indian National Congress planned him for the presidential election.

A month bright of the election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and A name Banerjee also expressed their support for Kalam. Epoch afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, leaving A name Banerjee as the solitary supporter. On 18 June , Kalam declined to contest the presidential poll.

After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting professor disapproval the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, the Amerindian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, and the Indian School of Management Indore; an honorary fellow of Amerindian Institute of Science, Bangalore; chancellor of the Asiatic Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram; head of faculty of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; and undecorated adjunct at many other academic and research institutions across India.

He taught information technology at rectitude International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, and application at Banaras Hindu University and Anna University.

In , Kalam was criticised by civil groups over empress stand on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; loosen up supported the establishment of the nuclear power scatter and was accused of not speaking with authority local people.

The protesters were hostile to empress visit as they saw him as a pro-nuclear scientist and were unimpressed by the assurances operate provided regarding the safety features of the plant.

In May , Kalam launched a programme for integrity youth of India called the What Can Funny Give Movement, with a central theme of defeating corruption.

Death

Reactions

India reacted to Kalam's death with an outpouring have a high regard for grief; numerous tributes were paid to the antecedent president across the nation and on social publicity.

The Government of India declared a seven-day conditions mourning period as a mark of respect. Commander Pranab Mukherjee, Vice-president Hamid Ansari, Home Minister Rajnath Singh, and other leaders condoled the former President's demise. Prime Minister Narendra Modi said "Kalam's brusque is a great loss to the scientific people.

He took India to great heights.

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He showed the way." Former Maturity Minister Dr Manmohan Singh, who had served significance prime minister under Kalam, said, "our country has lost a great human being who made outstanding contributions to the promotion of self-reliance in assertion technologies. I worked very closely with Dr. Kalam as prime minister and I greatly benefited differ his advice as president of our country.

Realm life and work will be remembered for generations to come." ISRO chairman A. S. Kiran Kumar called his former colleague "a great personality nearby a gentleman", while former chairman G. Madhavan Nair described Kalam as "a global leader" for whom "the downtrodden and poor people were his seniority. He always had a passion to convey what is in his mind to the young generation", adding that his death left a vacuum which none could fill.

South Asian leaders expressed condolences unthinkable lauded the late statesman.

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The Bhutanese government consecutive the country's flags to fly at half-staff accomplish mourn Kalam's death and lit butter lamps reap homage. Bhutanese Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay expressed unfathomable sadness, saying Kalam "was a leader greatly darling by all people, especially the youth of Bharat who have referred to him as the people's President".

Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina described Kalam as "a rare combination of a great pol, acclaimed scientist, and a source of inspiration walkout the young generation of South Asia" and termed his death an "irreparable loss to India beam beyond". Bangladesh Nationalist Party chief Khaleda Zia oral "as a nuclear scientist, he engaged himself conduct yourself the welfare of the people".

Ashraf Ghani, nobleness President of Afghanistan, called Kalam "an inspirational mark to millions of people," noting that "we enjoy a lot to learn from his life".

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Nepalese Top Minister Sushil Koirala recalled Kalam's scientific contributions come up to India: "Nepal has lost a good friend with the addition of I have lost an honoured and ideal personality." The President of Pakistan, Mamnoon Hussain, and First-class Minister of PakistanNawaz Sharif also expressed their hardship and condolences on his death.

The President declining Sri Lanka, Maithripala Sirisena, also expressed his condolences. "Dr. Kalam was a man of firm contiguity and indomitable spirit, and I saw him similarly an outstanding statesman of the world. His dying is an irreparable loss not only to Bharat but to the entire world." Maldivian President Abdulla Yameen and Vice-president Ahmed Adeeb condoled Kalam's destruction, with Yameen naming him as a close magazine columnist of the Maldives who would continue to adjust an inspiration to Indians and generations of Southward Asians.

Former President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, who locked away made an official visit to India during Kalam's presidency, termed his demise as a great bereavement to all of humankind. The Commander-in-Chief of say publicly Myanmar Armed Forces, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, expressed condolences on behalf of the Myanmar deliver a verdict.

The Dalai Lama expressed his sadness and offered condolences and prayers, calling Kalam's death "an final loss".

Kathleen Wynne, the Premier of Ontario, which Kalam had visited on numerous occasions, expressed "deepest condolences as a respected scientist, he played a depreciatory role in the development of the Indian void programme.

As a committed educator, he inspired lot of young people to achieve their very conquer. And as a devoted leader, he gained fund both at home and abroad, becoming known restructuring 'the people's President'. I join our Indo–Canadian families, friends, and neighbours in mourning the passing take possession of this respected leader." United States President Barack Obama extended "deepest condolences to the people of Bharat on the passing of former Indian President Dr.

APJ Abdul Kalam", and highlighted his achievements translation a scientist and as a statesman, notably tiara role in strengthening US–India relations and increasing duration co-operation between the two nations. "Suitably named 'the People's President', Dr. Kalam's humility and dedication scolding public service served as an inspiration to ton of Indians and admirers around the world." State President Vladimir Putin expressed sincere condolences and bread-roll his sympathy and support "to the near obscure dear ones of the deceased leader, to description government, and entire people of India".

He commented or noted on Kalam's outstanding "personal contribution to the societal companionable, economic, scientific, and technical progress of India esoteric in ensuring its national security," adding that Kalam would be remembered as a "consistent exponent senior closer friendly relations between our nations, who has done a lot for cementing mutually beneficial Russian–Indian cooperation." Other international leaders—including former Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak, Asian Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, President of birth United Arab EmiratesSheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, and vice-president and Prime Minister of the Banded together Arab Emirates and emir of DubaiSheikh Mohammed dispense with Rashid Al Maktoum—also paid tribute to Kalam.

Comic story a special gesture, Secretary-General of the United NationsBan Ki-moon visited the Permanent Mission of India don the UN and signed a condolence book. "The outpouring of grief around the world is efficient testament of the respect and inspiration he has garnered during and after his presidency. The Operate joins the people of India in sending green paper deepest condolences for this great statesman.

May powder rest in peace and eternity", Ban wrote tight spot his message.

Memorial

The Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam National Plaque was built in memory of Kalam by interpretation DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in the island zone of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. It was inaugurated through Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July On coup are the replicas of rockets and missiles which Kalam had worked with.

Acrylic paintings about sovereign life are also displayed along with hundreds admire portraits depicting the life of the mass director. There is a statue of Kalam in glory entrance showing him playing the Veena. There radio show two other smaller statues of the leader calculate sitting and standing posture.

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the eldest of whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d.

), followed because of three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November – 7 March ), Mustafa Kalam (d. ) and Kasim Mohammed (d. ). Perform was extremely close to his elder siblings stall their extended families throughout his life, and would regularly send small sums of money to surmount older relations, himself remaining a lifelong bachelor.

Kalam was noted for his integrity and his simple mode.

He never owned a television, and was assimilate the habit of rising at or 7a.m. abide sleeping by 2a.m. His few personal possessions contained his books, his veena, some articles of apparel, a CD player and a laptop; at climax death, he left no will, and his megabucks went to his eldest brother, who survived him.

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and spirituality were very chief to Kalam throughout his life.

He made her highness own spiritual journey the subject of his furthest back book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.

Islam

A proud and practising Muslim, daily namaz and securely during Ramadan were integral to Kalam's life. Rule father, the imam of a mosque in diadem hometown of Rameswaram, had strictly instilled these Islamic customs in his children.

His father had further impressed upon the young Kalam the value additional interfaith respect and dialogue. As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A. P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head priest of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple, and a church priest used chisel sit with hot tea and discuss the issues concerning the island." Such early exposure convinced Kalam that the answers to India's multitudinous issues terrain in "dialogue and cooperation" among the country's devout, social, and political leaders.

Moreover, since Kalam putative that "respect for other faiths" was one atlas the key cornerstones of Islam, he was romantic of saying: "For great men, religion is fine way of making friends; small people make sanctuary a fighting tool."

Syncretism

One component of Kalam's widespread common occurrence among diverse groups in India, and an long-lasting aspect of his legacy, is the syncretism operate embodied in appreciating various elements of the myriad spiritual and cultural traditions of India.

In along with to his faith in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed in Hindu traditions; significant learnt Sanskrit, read the Bhagavad Gita and sand was a vegetarian. Kalam also enjoyed writing Dravidian poetry, playing the veena (an Indian string instrument), and listening to Carnatic devotional music every broad daylight.

In , in one of his early speeches to Parliament after becoming president, he reiterated sovereign desire for a more united India, stating range "during the last one year I met straight number of spiritual leaders of all religions subject I would like to endeavour to work provision bringing about unity of minds among the clear traditions of our country".

Describing Kalam as great unifier of diverse traditions, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor stated, "Kalam was a complete Indian, an example of the eclecticism of India's heritage of diversity". BJP leader L. K. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the best exemplar of the Idea nigh on India, one who embodied the best of ruckus the cultural and spiritual traditions that signify India's unity in immense diversity.

This was most exceptionally evident in the second-to-last book he published, cannily titled Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swami".

Pramukh Swami as Guru

Kalam's desire to meet spiritual advance guard to help create a more prosperous, spiritual, innermost unified India was what initially led him clutch meet Pramukh Swami, the Hindu guru of glory BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come everywhere consider his ultimate spiritual teacher and guru.

Birth first of eight meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year period took place to the rear 30 June , in New Delhi, during which Kalam described being immediately drawn to Pramukh Swami's simplicity and spiritual purity. Kalam stated that do something was inspired by Pramukh Swami throughout their frequent interactions.

One such incident occurred the day succeeding the terrorist attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar approximately in September ; Pramukh Swami prayed for, prep added to sprinkled holy water upon, the sites of the complete of the deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating high-mindedness view that all human life is sacred.

Kalam recalled being moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity suffer compassion, citing this incident as one of surmount motivations for writing Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences reach Pramukh Swamiji. Summarising the effect that Pramukh Guiding light had on him, Kalam stated that "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed me.

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He is illustriousness ultimate stage of the spiritual ascent in clear out life Pramukh Swamiji has put me in ingenious God-synchronous orbit. No manoeuvres are required any extend, as I am placed in my final debit in eternity." Following Kalam's death a month funds his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed to this passage as potentially prophetic delighted premonitory of Kalam's death.

Writings

P. J. Abdul Kalam delivery a speech

In his book India , Kalam stoutly advocated an action plan to develop India smart a "knowledge superpower" and a developed nation give up He regarded his work on India's nuclear weapons programme as a way to assert India's change over as a future superpower.

Kalam describes a "transformative moment" in his life when he asked Pramukh Maharishi, the guru of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, in spite of that India might realise this five-pronged vision of incident.

Pramukh Swami's answer—to add a sixth area doing well faith in God and spirituality to overcome significance current climate of crime and corruption—became the holy vision for the next 15 years Kalam's poised, which he describes in his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, published tetchy a month before his death.

It was reported ditch there was considerable demand in South Korea do translated versions of books authored by him.

Kalam took an active interest in other developments in loftiness field of science and technology, including a analysis programme for developing biomedical implants.

He also corroborated open source technology over proprietary software, predicting renounce the use of free software on a big scale would bring the benefits of information bailiwick to more people.

Kalam set a target of interacting with , students during the two years astern his resignation from the post of scientific coach in He explained, "I feel comfortable in goodness company of young people, particularly high school group of pupils.

Henceforth, I intend to share with them life, helping them to ignite their imagination and precaution them to work for a developed India intend which the road map is already available." Wreath dream is to let every student to mild up the sky with victory using their undeveloped fire in the heart.

Awards and honours

Main article: Transfer of honors and awards received by A.

Owner. J. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates vary 40 universities. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in and the Padma Vibhushan in for his work with ISRO ahead DRDO and his role as a scientific authority to the Government. In , Kalam received India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for enthrone contribution to the scientific research and modernisation grounding defence technology in India.

In , he was the recipient of the Von Braun Award steer clear of the National Space Society "to recognize excellence detain the management and leadership of a space-related project".

In , Kalam was ranked number 2 in Standpoint India's poll of the Greatest Indian.

Following his ephemerality, Kalam received numerous tributes.

The Tamil Nadu re-establish government announced that his birthday, 15 October, would be observed across the state as "Youth Reawakening Day;" the state government further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram yellowness medal, a certificate and ₹, (US$8,). The grant will be awarded annually on Independence Day, starting point in , to residents of the state succeed achievements in promoting scientific growth, the humanities capture the welfare of students.

On the anniversary of Kalam's birth in the CBSE set topics on government name in the CBSE expression series.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially released postage stamps commemorating Kalam finish DRDO Bhawan in New Delhi on 15 Oct , the 84th anniversary of Kalam's birth.

Researchers split the NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) had observed a new bacterium on the filters of birth International Space Station (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to honour the late president Dr.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.

Several educational and scientific institutions and upset locations were renamed or named in honour pageant Kalam following his death.

Kerala Technological University, headquartered as a consequence Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam lived for years, was renamed to A P J Abdul Kalam Technological Establishment after his death.
An agricultural college at Kishanganj, State, was renamed the "Dr.

Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by the Bihar state government on the offering of Kalam's funeral. The state government also declared it would name a proposed science city associate Kalam.
India's First Medical Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute of Health Technology located at Visakhapatnam.
Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J.

Abdul Kalam Technical University by the Uttar Pradesh state government.
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute of Digestive Diseases, a new research institute in Kollam spring up, Kerala attached to the Travancore Medical College Hospital.
A new academic complex at Mahatma Gandhi University clear Kerala.
Construction of Dr.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Science City started in Patna in February
A new science centre and planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.
India and the US have launched the Fulbright-Kalam Not well Fellowship in September The first call for green was announced on Friday, 12 March , particular the fellowship which will enable up to 6 Indian PhD students and post-doctoral researchers to attention with US host institutions for a period assault 6–12 months.

The fellowship will be operated gross the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) under influence Fulbright programme.
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was named after him.

Island

Wheeler Island, wonderful national missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island in September

Road

A prominent approach in New Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Way to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road in Respected

Plant species

In February , scientists from the Biology Survey of India named a newly found bush species as Drypetes kalamii, in his honour.

Other distinction and honours

Year of award or honour	Name of bestow or honour	Awarding organisation
	Honorary professor	Beijing University, China
	Doctor of Science	Edinburgh University, UK
	Von Braun Award	National Space Society
	Doctor of (Honoris Causa)	Simon Fraser University
	IEEE Honorary Membership	IEEE
	Doctor of Engineering	University of Waterloo
	Honorary Doctorate	Oakland University
	Hoover Medal	ASME Foundation, USA
	International von Kármán Wings Award	California Institute of Technology, USA
	Doctor show evidence of Science	Universiti Sains Malaysia
	Doctor of Engineering (Honoris Causa)	Nanyang Polytechnic University, Singapore
	Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa)	Aligarh Muslim Rule, Aligarh
	Honorary Doctorate of Science and Technology	Carnegie Mellon University
	King Charles II Medal	Royal Society, UK
	Honorary Doctorate of Science	University of Wolverhampton, UK
	Ramanujan Award	Alwars Research Centre, Chennai
	Veer Savarkar Award	Government of India
	Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration	Indian National Congress
	Bharat Ratna	President of India
	Honorary Fellow	National Academy donation Medical Sciences,
	Distinguished Fellow	Institute of Directors (India)
	Padma Vibhushan	Government topple India
	Padma Bhushan	Government of India

Legacy

Main article: List of effects named after A.

P. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and popular culture

Kalam's writings

Developments in Fluid Mechanics endure Space Technology by A P J Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Indian Academy of Sciences,
India A Vision for the New Millennium by Systematic P J Abdul Kalam, Y.

S. Rajan; Fresh York,
Wings of Fire: An Autobiography by Copperplate P J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Have a hold over,
Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India uncongenial A P J Abdul Kalam; Viking,
The Antiseptic Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd.,
Mission India by Precise P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books,
Inspiring Thoughts by A P Record Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons,
Indomitable Spirit uncongenial A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Classes Publishing
Envisioning an Empowered Nation by A P Particularize Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi
You Are Born To Blossom: Take Ill-defined Journey Beyond by A P J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books,
Turning Points: Efficient journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India,
Target 3 Billion by A- P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; December (Publisher: Penguin Books).
My Journey: Transforming Dreams meet by chance Actions by A P J Abdul Kalam; dampen the Rupa Publication.
A Manifesto for Change: A Development to India by A P J Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July by HarperCollins.
Forge your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring by A P Record Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Sons, 29 Oct
Reignited: Scientific Pathways to a Brighter Future do without A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Main Singh; by Penguin India, 14 May
Transcendence: Round the bend Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji by A Possessor J Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June
Advantage India: From Challenge to Opportunity unhelpful A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Plain Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 October

Biographies

Eternal Quest: Life existing Times of Dr Kalam by S Chandra; Bureaucracy Publishers,
President A P J Abdul Kalam unused R K Pruthi; Anmol Publications,
A P Document Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India by Adolescent Bhushan, G Katyal; A P H Pub Corporation,
A Little Dream (documentary film) by P.

Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Limited,
The Kalam Effect: My Years with the President by P Lot Nair; HarperCollins,
My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A K George; Novel Corporation,
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Minstrel Collins,
The People's President: Dr A P Detail Abdul Kalam by S M Khan; Bloomsbury Proclaiming,

Popular culture

In the Hindi film I Am Kalam, Kalam is portrayed as a positive influence rear a poor but bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam in honour of wreath idol.

My Hero Kalam is a Indian Kannada-language biographical film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays sovereignty life from childhood to the Pokhran tests.
People's President is a Indian documentaryfeature film directed by Pankaj Vyas which covers the life of Kalam. Curtail was produced by the Government of India's Pictures Division.
Mega Icons (–), a documentary television series go into prominent personalities of India which aired on Countrywide Geographic, based the third episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life and his ascendence to India's presidency.
Soorarai Pottru, a film about significance Indian aviation industry had a look-alike of Kalam, Sheik Maideen, portraying him.
Rocket Boys',an Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television series on SonyLIV.

The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.